為白斑病人補充維生素E、鋅、左式苯丙胺酸(L-phenylalanine)、銀杏可以增進白斑治療的效果。
多攝取富含上述營養成分的飲食有助於白斑病情的改善 |
白斑的人應該多攝取哪些營養素?
維生素B12與葉酸(Vitamin B12/folic acid):1mg維生素B12與5mg葉酸,每日兩次
雖然維生素B12與葉酸的證據力有限,但由於兩者都是水溶性維生素,不會有攝取過量的危險,取得容易且價格不會太貴,建議可以多加攝取。
維生素C(Vitamin C):每日0.5-2克
沒有明顯證據顯示維生素C對白斑有益,但因為它有強大的抗氧化力,對白斑可能有好處,屬於水溶性維生素,不會有攝取過量的危險,取得容易且價格不會太貴,建議還是可以多加攝取。
維生素D(Vitamin D):每日4000 IU(上限)
目前的證據顯示維生素D要到高劑量才對白斑治療有幫助,但維生素D是脂溶性維生素,每日攝取上限為4000IU,筆者建議每天吃到這個劑量就好,過量會造成鈣質攝取過量,導致腎臟與皮膚的一些問題。
維生素E(Vitamin E):每日400IU(上限)
維生素E有益於白斑治療的證據力頗強,但由於維生素E是脂溶性維生素,過量會有中毒的危險,建議每日攝取400IU即可。
鋅(Zinc):男性每日15mg,女性12mg
鋅有益於白斑治療的證據力頗強,在其他方面也有很多好處,但每天攝取量其實不用太高,成年男性每日15mg,女性12mg即可。過量攝取則會妨礙銅的吸收、並且出現貧血、頭痛、想吐的症狀。
左式苯丙胺酸(L-phenylalanine):每日每公斤50–100 mg
左式苯丙胺酸為必須胺基酸,基本上不會有攝取過量的問題,正常飲食的情況下也很少缺乏,其實不用特別補充。
其他草藥成分:銀杏、餘甘子、白絨水龍骨、阿密茴素...
餘甘子( Phyllanthus emblica)、白絨水龍骨(Polypodium leucotomos )、阿密茴素(Khellin)三種成分在人體實驗中證實可以增加光療對色素回復的效果。銀杏(Ginkgo biloba)則是在人體實驗中證實可以減緩白斑的進行。胡椒鹼(Piperine)、綠茶(green tea)兩種成分則是在動物實驗中證實可以促進黑色素形成或是漸緩白斑的進行(參13、14)。
然而在台灣的市場上大概只有銀杏與綠茶比較容易取得,建議先考慮這兩種就好。銀杏萃取物的研究建議的劑量是每日120mg(參15)。
參考資料
1. Improvement of vitiligo after oral treatment with vitamin B12 and folic acid and the importance of sun exposure. Acta Derm Venereol 1977;77:460–2.
2. Treatment of vitiligo vulgaris with narrow band UVB (311 nm) for one year and the effect of addition of folic acid and vitamin B12. Acta Derm Venereol 2002;82:369–72.
3. Complementary and alternative medicine for vitiligo. . In: Park KK, Murase JE, editors. Vitiligo: management and therapy. INTECH Open Access Publisher; 2011.
4. Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in vitiligo patients with and without autoimmune diseases. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013;29(1):34–40
5. A pilot study assessing the effect of prolonged administration of high daily doses of vitamin D on the clinical course of vitiligo and psoriasis. Dermatoendocrinol 2013;5(1):222–34
6. Elgoweini M, El Din NN. Response of vitiligo to narrowband ultraviolet B and oral antioxidants. J Clin Pharmacol 2009;49:852–5.
7. Akyol M, Celik VK, Ozcelik S, et al. The effects of vitamin E on the skin lipid peroxidation and the clinical improvement in vit1iligo patients treated with PUVA. Eur J Dermatol 2001;12(1):24–6.
8. Dell’Anna ML, Mastrofrancesco A, Sala R, et al. Antioxidants and narrow band-UVB in the treatment of vitiligo: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007;32(6):631–6
9. Andreini C, Banci L, Bertini I, et al. Counting the zinc-proteins encoded in the human genome. J Proteome Res 2006;5(1):196–201.
10. Shameer P, Prasad PV, Kaviarasan PK. Serum zinc level in vitiligo: a case control study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2005;71(3):206.
11. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of topical corticosteroid and oral zinc sulfate-topical corticosteroid combination in the treatment of vitiligo patients: a clinical trial. BMC Dermatol 2011;11:7
12. L-phenylalanine and UVA irradiation in the treatment of vitiligo. Dermatology. 1994;188(3):215–8.
13. Alternative Systemic Treatments for Vitiligo: A Review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015 Dec;16(6):463-74.
14. The Role of Diet and Supplements in Vitiligo Management. Dermatol Clin. 2017 Apr;35(2):235-243.
1. Improvement of vitiligo after oral treatment with vitamin B12 and folic acid and the importance of sun exposure. Acta Derm Venereol 1977;77:460–2.
2. Treatment of vitiligo vulgaris with narrow band UVB (311 nm) for one year and the effect of addition of folic acid and vitamin B12. Acta Derm Venereol 2002;82:369–72.
3. Complementary and alternative medicine for vitiligo. . In: Park KK, Murase JE, editors. Vitiligo: management and therapy. INTECH Open Access Publisher; 2011.
4. Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in vitiligo patients with and without autoimmune diseases. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013;29(1):34–40
5. A pilot study assessing the effect of prolonged administration of high daily doses of vitamin D on the clinical course of vitiligo and psoriasis. Dermatoendocrinol 2013;5(1):222–34
6. Elgoweini M, El Din NN. Response of vitiligo to narrowband ultraviolet B and oral antioxidants. J Clin Pharmacol 2009;49:852–5.
7. Akyol M, Celik VK, Ozcelik S, et al. The effects of vitamin E on the skin lipid peroxidation and the clinical improvement in vit1iligo patients treated with PUVA. Eur J Dermatol 2001;12(1):24–6.
8. Dell’Anna ML, Mastrofrancesco A, Sala R, et al. Antioxidants and narrow band-UVB in the treatment of vitiligo: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007;32(6):631–6
9. Andreini C, Banci L, Bertini I, et al. Counting the zinc-proteins encoded in the human genome. J Proteome Res 2006;5(1):196–201.
10. Shameer P, Prasad PV, Kaviarasan PK. Serum zinc level in vitiligo: a case control study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2005;71(3):206.
11. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of topical corticosteroid and oral zinc sulfate-topical corticosteroid combination in the treatment of vitiligo patients: a clinical trial. BMC Dermatol 2011;11:7
12. L-phenylalanine and UVA irradiation in the treatment of vitiligo. Dermatology. 1994;188(3):215–8.
13. Alternative Systemic Treatments for Vitiligo: A Review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2015 Dec;16(6):463-74.
14. The Role of Diet and Supplements in Vitiligo Management. Dermatol Clin. 2017 Apr;35(2):235-243.
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